Virginia Bankfull Regional Curves Projects

Background

Stream channels often are disturbed by human activities or natural events. In recent years, scientists and engineers have begun to apply the principles of natural channel design to the construction and restoration of stream channels. Natural channel design involves rebuilding a channel with the appropriate cross section dimensions, slope, and plan-view pattern so that it can pass the water and sediment loads supplied to it while maintaining its appropriate form. Stream channels designed to approximate natural stable conditions are more likely to remain in equilibrium over time and therefore reduce erosion and sedimentation, provide suitable aquatic habitat, and offer increased aesthetic and recreational value. 

Problem

A concept central to the methodology of natural channel design is that of effective or “bankfull” discharge. Bankfull discharge, which typically has a return interval of between 1 and 2 years, is considered to be the streamflow magnitude that is most effective in moving sediment and in forming average morphological characteristics of channels. The bankfull channel geometry characteristics of cross-sectional area, width, and average depth have been shown to be highly correlated with both discharge and drainage area. Regionally based relations between drainage area and the resultant bankfull channel geometry are important tools for designing and restoring stable stream channels. Bankfull characteristics used to develop these “regional curves” must be calibrated at stream gage locations and stratified by hydro-physiographic province. Regional curves developed for the hydro-physiographic provinces in Virginia will greatly benefit natural channel design projects in the state. 

Relevance and Benefits

Properly developed regional curves for a specific hydro-physiographic province are an invaluable tool for stream restoration design. Development of regional curves specifically for physiographic provinces of Virginia will enhance the ability to develop successful natural channel designs based on climatic, geologic, and hydrologic characteristics of specific regions of the state. 

Completed and Active Research

Map of Study Areas: (hyper linked)

Valley & Ridge

Coastal Plain

Piedmont (active)